Federal Reserve and the Great Recession Research Paper

Federal Reserve and the Great Recession - Research Paper Example One of the major causes of the Great Recession was the bursting of the housing bubble. Being a regulator of the monetary system, the Federal Reserve could have seen a crisis coming. The major cause of the housing bubble bursting was that the Fed opted to expand their monetary policy; though the regulation was effectively done, this policy was a contributor to the problem. The Federal Reserve might have bowed to the pressure from the government to have the implementation of the housing policy be implemented. It happened that the dot-com crash was followed by a substantial increase in the printing press that resulted in an increase in the monetary base. Additionally, there was a great cut in the federal funds by Greenspan (from 5.6% in 2001 to 1% in 2003). These factors contributed to an increase in the housing among other investments that utilize huge amounts of capital. The Fed could have intervened at this point and develop a regulatory mechanism to prevent the situation from escala ting to the financial crisis and ultimately the Great Recession. The Federal Reserve failed to develop adequate measures that would deal with the insolvency. Two institutions at the center of the Great Recession, Lehman Brothers, and Washington Mutual became insolvent resulting in their collapse. The Fed made a miscalculated attempt to go ahead and support these institutions instead of giving them a chance to fail, the outcome would have been an increase in the amount of savings as well as investments.

Iago Essay -- essays research papers

Iago, More than Just a Villain Iago, the evil villain of Shakespeare's Othello, is more than just a villain. In many ways he is the most intelligent and appealing character in the play. Iago shows superiority over the rest of the characters in the play. He has the ability to manipulate the characters in the play, therefore controlling the play with every sequence of events. His intelligence shines through his ability to deceive, his ability to strategize, and his ability to twist the truth. Iago is appealing to the characters of the pay because he gives them what they want. Iago is appealing to the reader as well. His character is totally unconflicted about being evil, making him known to some authors as the villain of all villains. Iago is, in many ways, the most intelligent and appealing character in the play. Iago has a sophisticated way of deceiving the characters of the play, making him a very intelligent person. Early in the play Othello introduces Iago to the Duke of Venice as, â€Å"My ancient / A man he is of honesty and trust† (!. iii. 284-85). This is but one of the times in the play that Iago is referred to as honest and true. Throughout the play Iago is considered to be honest, but is actuality the villain. In order to maintain this false image one has to have a beguiling character. After Othello and his lieutenant, Michael Cassio, return from the war against the Ottomans, there is a celebration. At this celebration Iago puts his manipulation to work. He knows that Othello and Desdemona’s love for each other is very true, but he tells Rodrigo that Desdemona had love for Cassio: â€Å"With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. / Ay, smile upon her, do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II. I. 164-65). This quote shows that Iago deceives Roderigo into believi ng that Desdemona loves Cassio, when in Roderigo’s eyes it is virtually impossible. Iago basically controls Rodrigo because Iago deceives him into believing that he can have Desdemona, by both Cassio and Othello. Iago uses his strategically apt abilities to come up with a very intelligent system that will eventually destroy Othello. After Iago and Rodrigo find out about Othello and Desdemona’s marriage, Iago manipulates Rodrigo into making him angry, because Rodrigo has feelings for Desdemona. Iago and Roderigo go to Brabantio’s abode to enrage him by telling him about Othello and Desdemona: â€Å"Call up her ... ...sio is in fact in love with Desdemona, and that Cassio is in fact doing dishonesty to Othello. Othello does get discouraged by this advice given by Iago, and eventually does confront Desdemona. The quote specifically displays how Iago can make Cassio seem evil to Othello. Iago persuades Othello into believing him, which creates a way for Iago to work around the truth. Iago completely changes the appearance of Cassio, therefore making Iago extremely intelligent and far superior. Iago’s magnificent intelligence and superiority make him a very intriguing character. Iago is not just any villain that comes into a town, with a black cape and knife that scares everyone, he destroys and â€Å"kills† by using creative tactics that could only be thought of by someone who is brilliant. He deceives, strategizes, and twists the truth with amazing ease. Iago maintains his on point intelligence by staying completely unconflicted about being evil. Iago is completely committed as he states, â€Å"[He will] turn her virtue into pitch, / And†¦ make the net / That shall enmesh them all† (II. Ii. 366-368). Iago is considered a cross between God and the Devil, as shown in the, â€Å"Divinity of Hell!† (!!. ii. 356)

Analysis of Coming Home Again Essay

The world is becoming smaller day by day, connecting millions if not all within the frame of internet and telecommunication. Hence, traveling abroad or immigration to a foreign land is quite common nowadays. Of course, the decision to move to a new country entails many benefits; however, it is not without problems. One such negative after-effect would be the possible family feud that arises from the clash between family members, mainly that of parents and children, often sparked by provision of new education. Language plays a part in family dispute. As the first generation immigrants, parents are usually confined by their teachings in the language and cultural lessons of their mother country while the offspring are ready to make transition to their newly-adopted home. Problems often arise in most mundane circumstances such as calling the bank, buying clothes, and more. Chang Rae Lee narrates about a personal experience of encountering a bitter argument with his mother as he â€Å"was getting more and more impatient with the difficulty she encountered in doing everyday things†. Although a very trivial matter, the mother can’t make a phone call because of the language barrier. When the son was asked to make a phone call for his mother, the author felt that his mother’s life was â€Å"so small to him†, thus creating a disorder between the two. Language is a way to connect and even divide the family members. Often when families immigrate to a foreign country, the roles of the parents and the offspring switch. Already accustomed to their home country’s culture and values, parents become unfamiliar with the new lifestyle and environment, thus losing responsibility of daily tasks and circumstances. On the other hand, children have the opportunity to adjust themselves to new perceptions and settings, granting them the responsibility to take care of trivial matters. Such reversal of roles that create dysfunctional unnatural circumstances causes the spark of family feud. Wounded and entangled, family feud caused by education is not easily curable. However, Chang Rae Lee, though he experienced a hard time with his mother because of his adoption of American education, recover his bondage with his mother because of his efforts to help her cope with her incoming death, allowing him to gain true understanding of his mother’s sentiments toward him. Through realization of love and sacrifice, the author is able to overcome the family.

The Industrial Revolution Could Never Have Happened

Without the worker, the industrial revolution could never have happened. Mass immigration supplied the workers, changing technologies threatened them, and the government regulated the balance between the worker and the industry. The time between 1865 and 1900 were hard for many workers, but their struggle fuelled the industrial revolution in America. Between the years 1865 and 1915, more than twenty-five million immigrants came from south-east Europe. Immigrants came for many reasons, including religious persecution, the need for work, and political freedom. With the new developing factories and build projects, employers welcomed the immigrants. Immigrants could be hired off as unskilled labor, often for less than established immigrants and second generation immigrants that came in the years before. With all the immigration that took place at the time, there was always a replacement for your job. If a worker was dissatisfied with their pay, they could be dismissed and easily replaced with either a new immigrant or someone who was willing to work for less. In the beginning of the nineteenth century, the average pay for an American industrial factory worker was between four-hundred and five-hundred dollars. Much of the work that the workers did was dangerous. Death on the job was not uncommon, and if a worker was maimed or injured on the job, until government regulation after 1892, they would receive no compensation. One of the primary reasons that caused the workers toShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of The Industrial Revolution1646 Words   |  7 Pageschanged the way americans lived their day to day life.All of these revolutionary changes that impacted millions of people s lives are thanks to the industrial revolution. This enormous movement known as the industrial revolution first started out in Great Britain later on spreading to the western world in the following decade. The Industrial revolution is considered a great change in human history due to the many positives it has brung to the western society in particular. For example these changesRead MoreIntroduction Of Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121577 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction of Industrial Revolution in United States: The Industrial Revolution resulted in a shift from agriculture to industrial factories. In the United States, there were two phases of the Industrial Revolution. The first revolution, which happened between 1776 and 1789, was somewhat similar to Britain s Industrial Revolution and more political. The second phase of the American Industrial Revolution which happened from 1860 to 1900, was not only political but also was the great developmentRead MoreWhen Industry Meets the Environment Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesdegradation of the natural environment. The industrial revolution began in Britain in 1760 (Griffin). Many historians claim this happened because of a civil unrest in the country, which transformed into a movement (Landes). Civil unrest stemmed from the poor living condition and the poverty within the area. This also happened because new technologies emerged, creating a new push for a commercial way of life. The largest component of the revolution was the use of machines instead of doing work byRead MoreSecond Industrial Revolution Essay871 Words   |  4 Pages An Industrial Revolution is the â€Å"change in social and economic organization that resulted from the replacement of the hand tools with machines and from the development of large-scale industrial production† (Danzer R50). The Second Industrial Revolution happened nearly one hundred years later after the First Industrial Revolution in England during the 1760s (Fagnilli 7). The Second Industrial Revolution was the cause of new inventions, govern ment support for business, common natural resourcesRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesWas the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse?   Ã‚  Ã‚   Starting in 18th century Great Britain, the Industrial Revolution, sparked a change in industry that is still present today. The Industrial Revolution was a great blessing to society, with innovations in consumer goods, medicine, housing and sanitation, the revolution changed the course of history for the good. The Industrial revolution was a period in which Great Britain became rapidly less rural and became more urban and mechanized. â€Å"TheRead MoreWhy Did the Industrial Revolution First Begin in England?806 Words   |  4 Pagesindustrialize? The industrial revolution, which occurred during the hundred years after 1780, was a true european revolution. It was in England that the industrial revolution first took hold. This change, which occurred between 1750 and 1830, happened because conditions were perfect in Britain for the Industrial Revolution. Having used wood for heat instead of coal, Britain was left with large deposits of coal remaining to fuel the new ideas. Any raw supplies Britain itself did not have could be providedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution and Society681 Words   |  3 PagesIndustrial Revolution While some might argue that Industrialization had primarily positive consequences for society because there were tons of jobs available, it was actually a negative thing for society. Industrialization’s negative effects were horrible working conditions, overpopulated cities, and factories where polluting the air. Even if there were a couple positive things that happened it was still a negative effect overall. People working during this time period had it rough. They had toRead More Slavery Essay850 Words   |  4 Pagessuperpower. A. The British Industrial Revolution was the height of technology. 1. The Industrial Revolution loosened the grip of slavery. 2. The Industrial Revolution created a new class of people. 3. The Industrial Revolution allowed Britain leisure time. B. Britains naval power on the high seas. 1. Britains ability to control the shipping industry. 2. Britains ability to indirectly control governments. II The combination of industrial and naval power bring an endRead MoreAmerican and French Revolution - Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican and French Revolutions declared that their goal was to create a new political system based on the principles of liberty and equality. However, the interpretation of those ideas by the American Founding Fathers turned out to be distinctly different from that of the French revolutionaries. How did those different interpretations of the concepts of liberty and equality affect the outcomes and the legacies of both revolutions? Analyze, compare, and contrast. The American Revolution officially beganRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay example1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom as large deposits of coal and iron were found throughout the land which brought the rise of factories and machines, the idea then subsequently spread throughout the world. It was perhaps one of the greatest moments in human history

Analysis Of Hassan And Sohrab In The Kite Runner

Snap. Snap. Snap! The sound of a rubber band being pulled and released reverberates through the air. Regardless of the amount of times it is pulled on, or the amount of tension it undergoes, the elastic band always snaps back. Like the rubber band, the characters Hassan and Sohrab from The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini have obtained the capability to snap back from unthinkable circumstances. Both characters are forced to acquire the capacity to overcome hardship in ways no individual should ever have to. The similar situations they endured amongst varying parameters make this clear: resiliency is a learned process that takes time and is different for everyone. The majority of Hassan’s problems stemmed from the blood that ran through his†¦show more content†¦When Sohrab was found by the Taliban leader following the execution of his parents, it turned out to be Assef in the flesh. Sohrab was then taken from the orphanage and was beaten and raped by the Taliban. Assef was able to disrupt Sohrab’s life in the most inhumane way possible. Although the struggles Hassan and Sohrab had suffered were comparable, they were not the same. When Hassan was sexually assaulted by Assef he had a purpose: to run the last blue kite for Amir. Out of pure devotion to his master, he allowed himself to be stripped of all dignity with â€Å"the look of the lamb† (76). After the incident, Hassan had been able to recover within weeks because he had Ali for support and his love for Amir. Sohrab, however, was not as fortunate. His short-lived childhood was lost when both of his parents were murdered by the Taliban before his own eyes. Living in a dilapidated orphanage did not seem terrible until Assef took him, for then the sexual and physical abuse commenced. Sohrab did not have anyone left; he had no Baba to stick up for him, no Amir to dotingly serve, and no Ali to support him. He was alone. Though the roads Hassan and Sohrab traveled on their way to resilience appeared to be parallel, they separated in an instant. Hassan’s difficult past was never able to discourage him for long. After each of his troubles, he was able to go home to Ali and sometimes Amir. He also had the love and support ofShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1574 Words   |  7 PagesHosseini’s, The Kite Runner, is love. The Kite Runner follows Amir, the main character, finding redemption from a series of traumatic childhood events. Throughout the novel, the author uses many powerful symbols to represent the complexity of love that many experience in relationships. The use of the kite, the pomegranate tree, the slingshot, and the cleft lip all tie together to underscore a universal theme of love. To begin, the most explicit symbol present in the book is the kite. The kite representsRead MoreSymbolism Of Kite Running By Khaled Hosseini1243 Words   |  5 PagesKali Denney Mr. Snyder AP Literature and Composition 11 December 2015 Symbolism of Kite Running In this essay the book being discussed is, Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Khaled Hosseini’s biography will be discussed as well as the historical influences upon him that affect the novel as a whole. The essay will contain a critical analysis as well as an analysis of the critical response to the work by others. In the novel and now a grown man, the main character Amir recalls events in his childhoodRead MoreThe Kite Runner Book Review1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner Book Review Summary: The Kite Runner is about the story of Amir, a Sunni Muslim that recalls a series of traumatic childhood events that he claims has defined him to be who he is. The story starts with Amir as an adult in present-day United States and then flashes back to Amir’s childhood in Afghanistan. Amir lived in a nice home Kabul, Afghanistan, with Baba, his father and their two servants, Ali and his son, Hassan. Amir’s mother died while giving birth to him and Hassan’s motherRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner1090 Words   |  5 Pages– H 31 October 2017 Consequences of War: A Critical Analysis of the Kite Runner On a day to day basis, an individual is faced with an obstacle they must overcome, ultimately defining their morals and values. In the literature perspective, the novel The Kite Runner delivers multiple thematic ideas that portray the struggles of characters in their ordinary lives. Khaled Hosseini, author and physician, released his debut novel The Kite Runner in the year of 2003. This novel is written in the firstRead MoreOedipus Rex And The Kite Runner1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner are both profound works of literature that share two immensely universal themes, those themes being fate and freewill and divine justice. These two themes are quite prominent throughout both pieces of writing and serve to facilitate a very human connection between the audience and the story. Although both of these stories consist of the two themes mentioned, they each express them in a unique fashion. Oedipus Rex focuses more so on the concept of fate whereas The Kite Runner emphasizesRead MoreThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption2381 Words   |  10 PagesThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is an award-winning novel and considered one of today’s most popular, contemporary classics. The story is one of familiar themes such as loyalty, forgiveness, betrayal, love, and redemption. It follows the tale of Amir and how he must atone for his sins and find a way to â€Å"be good again† (Hosseini 2). The quintessential message of this book relies on the idea of second chances. Themes of redemptionRead MoreThe Kite Runner Literary Analysis Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner Analysis The expression riddled with guilt is a good way to describe the main characters life, Amir, in the book The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini. The Kite Runner is a story about an Afghan boy, Amir, who has many hardships throughout his life as he grows from a boy living in war-torn Afghanistan, to a successful writer living in America. Amir experiences many events that caused him to carry a great amount of guilt throughout his life. So much guilt that it evenRead MoreThe Kite Runner: Character Analysis. Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesTMuhammad A. Khan English (A). Period (5). The Kite Runner Character Analysis. 1) Amir: Born in Kabul, Afghanistan, Amir was the son of a wealthy social worker. He was brought up with the son of his servant, and perhaps his only best friend, Hassan. Amir had a rocky relation with his father. At times, it seemed as his father loved him but those moments didn’t lasted forever. He thinks Baba (his father) wishes Amir were more like him, and that Baba holds him responsible for killing his motherRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini2301 Words   |  10 PagesSummary The novel The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, is the story of a young, upper class boy by the name of Amir and his friend, a lower class boy named Hassan. While Amir is a Pashtun and a Sunni Muslim, Hassan is a Hazara and a Shi’a muslim, which causes the main conflict between the two. Amir and Hassan learn more and more about their social status, as well as their personal friendships and problems as they grow up in Afghanistan. Analysis of the Majour Themes and Conflicts Read MoreCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1899 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis of The Kite Runner â€Å"It may be unfair, but what happens in a few days, sometimes even a single day, can change the course of a whole lifetime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (142). Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner unfolds the story of the affluent youth Amir and his servant friend Hassan, who are separated by a traumatizing sexual assault and the 1979 Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan. Despite a fresh start in San Francisco, Amir is devoured by guilt for failing to protect his loyal friend. Many years later

Professional Learning Communities - 2747 Words

Introduction Schools are constantly looking for ways in which to improve. Research has revealed several attributes of a school that proves to lead towards student learning and higher achievement including strong leadership, clear and shared mission, vision, values, and goals, collective inquiry, action oriented, collaborative teams that work interdependently, a focus on student learning and results oriented. These ideas are represented within a Professional Learning Community (PLC). To become a PLC, a staff must make changes in their actions and work together focusing on student learning. PLC’s have evolved out of failed school reform measures. It attempts to make permanent changes to a school’s culture to affect change in student†¦show more content†¦Safe environments are built and there’s a respect for diversity. Another highly important factor in effective schools is a highly effective leader. Leadership is a key characteristic in a PLC also. The principal acts as an instructional leader building relationships with the staff and developing high moral. These characteristics are all evident in a PLC. â€Å"When schools truly begin to align their practices with a commitment to learning for all, the educators within them begin to function as a Professional Learning Community† (DuFour, DuFour Eaker, 2008, p. 21). The PLC is more of an re-culturing instead of a school reform. It is an ongoing process through which a staff works collaboratively to share learning goals. In order to reach the goals set forth in laws such as NCLB, a school must change it’s culture to maintain an ongoing collaborative process to enhance everyone’s effectiveness to improve student behavior ( Nygard, 2010). Four Essential Questions The first role in building a successful learning community is to formulate a solid base of shared mission, vision, values, and goals. These four are the building blocks of a solid foundation for decision making for school improvement. Mission or purpose is the first block and focuses on the question â€Å"Why do we exist?† The second block is vision or the direction the school is headed. It asks the question â€Å"What kind of school or district do we hope to become?† A values block asks â€Å"HowShow MoreRelated Professional Learning Communities Essay2717 Words   |  11 Pagesisolated confinements of each teacher’s classroom with some periodic whole-group professional development (Goddard Goddard, 2007). Within the past few decades, many schools and districts, including ours, have considered and experimented with Professional Learning Communities (PLC) as an alternative framework in guiding a more efficient development program for their teachers. PLCs are focused on enhancing student learning through developing teacher practices. The concept of PLC relies on using structuredRead MoreProfessional Learning Communities : The Mentor812 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional Learning Communities: The Mentor The mind of education has changed in the last few years to get away from teachers working alone in isolation to a new idea of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs). In contrast to the traditional paradigm of professional development in which teachers attend off-site workshops and conferences that may or may not inspire them to change their thinking or instruction, the Professional Learning Community (PLC) involves teachers in site-based, ongoing,Read MoreProfessional Learning Communities : A Teacher s Perspective1013 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"McLaughlin and Talbert (2006) defined professional learning communities as â€Å"[organizational structures in which] teachers work collaboratively to reflect on their practice, examine evidence about the relationship between practice and student outcomes, and make changes that improve teaching and learning for the particular students in their classes† (pp. 3–4).† (Teague, 2012, pg. 58) This quote explains what I person ally think of professional learning communities should be and what areas they shouldRead MoreA Study on Professional Learning Communities737 Words   |  3 PagesProfessional Learning Communities Abstract PLC means professional learning communities which are set up by teachers in order to help the students who seem to be lagging behind the others academically. This is a way to reach out to the students on a more personal level, where they get to interact not only with the books, but also with the teachers who are able to guide them by recognizing their strengths and their weaknesses. This form of assistance goes a long way in assisting the student developRead MoreWhat Is a Professional Learning Community1145 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a Professional Learning Community? NaKishia D. Glenn Gardner-Webb University Abstract Throughout this paper you will be able to gain more knowledge on what a Professional Learning Community (PLC) is. I will explore two different areas: general characteristics of PLCs and the big ideas that are associated with them. I will refer to different types of students throughout this paper. When I mention high achievers I will be referring to those are students whose test scores put them in theRead MoreTeaching And Professional Learning Communities882 Words   |  4 PagesFurthermore, our class on Professional Learning Communities (PLC) also had a great impact on me as an instructional coach. One of my responsibilities each week is to lead teachers in PLC. As stated previously, last year was my first year in this new role. My partner left the district very late in the summer and we were unable to find a replacement so I was doing the job of two people. I wasn’t sure how PLC was supposed to be structured and I didn’t have anyone to lean on for support, so I di dRead MoreProfessional Learning Communities Of Educators4217 Words   |  17 Pages Optimising professional learning communities in education for the creation, dissemination and transfer of innovative pedagogies. The aim of the research is to provide recommendations to teacher educators on the most effective ways to facilitate the development and dissemination of innovative educational practice through professional learning communities of educators. The objectives of the study are to: †¢ Evidence the development, dissemination and transfer of innovative educational practiceRead MoreHigh School And Community Professionalism1335 Words   |  6 PagesHigh School on March 23, 2017. My main focus will be on the school and community professional branch of West Chester University’s Conceptual Framework. My idea of ‘school and community professionalism’ has changed drastically since starting observations at Kennett High School. Initially, my thoughts on professionalism considered one side of the educational equation: teachers. It was my belief that teachers uphold the professional standards of the school; which is partially true. Teachers are responsibleRead MoreCollaborative And Collegial Practices Focused On Improving Instructional Practice And Student Learning1328 Words   |  6 PagesInstructional Practice and Student Learning According to Danielson (2011), criterion 8 of the Danielson framework is part of the TPEP (Teacher/Principal Evaluation Pilot) structure that focuses on the professional practices and how teachers participate collaboratively in the educational community to improve instruction, and ultimately student growth. It is an important focus because it promotes student learning, showing that teachers must work with their colleagues to share learning techniques, arrange collectiveRead MoreSupervisory Platform and Evaluation System694 Words   |  3 PagesIn any school, student learning is the ultimate goal and the focus of an effective learning community. In today’s society, the education system is called upon to teach all students at high levels. It has been established through significant research that teachers have a high impact on student learning, according to the RAND Corporation, â€Å"research suggests that, among school-related factors, teachers matter most. When it comes to s tudent performance on reading and math tests, a teacher is estimated

Sony-Ericsson Case Free Essays

The reasons for this are of course numerous. One of the reasons was that both companies only had a minor market share, Ericson 10% and Sony 1,5% of the world market, whereas as the leader Nooks had 30,6%. This giving Nooks a huge advantage in existing customers as well as strong brand awareness. We will write a custom essay sample on Sony-Ericsson Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another main reason for the fusion of both the mobile departments of the company was that both had problems in managing their departments. Sony had so many different sectors it was in that mobile was Just one more and was ;t paid enough attention. Ericson had the technology to be a leader, but they were always criticized for only being a group of engineers, developing good products, but not paying as much attention to customers desires as Nooks did. Therefore being significantly less successful than their Finnish rival. Both companies needed to restructure their efforts in the mobile development and that Is why it made sense for them both to start this partnership. Ericson would provide people and their expertise In telecommunications and Sony it ‘s expertise In consumer electronics products as well as $500 million. Both were able to cut costs significantly and still able to become a global player on this prosperous market In the future. 2) What was needed to succeed in this market? The main attributes that were needed to succeed in the market was the knowledge to develop in the direction of the technology that would be used in the future, as well as knowing and offering your customers what they were looking for. In fact one can say that Nooks did everything one needed to do to succeed. They listen to what their clients where looking/expecting from their mobile phones, and built a product portfolio accordingly. Due to this approach they were able to offer a specific product to every customer profile they had. Concerning technology they also did good work being the clear leaders In the 26 markets, which gave them a age head start. The management also did an excellent work, having a better-cost extra effort on not becoming a huge corporation with 100,000 employees, staying rather small gave them the advantage that decision could be taken quickly and that changes and adoptions to the products were able to be done immediately. ) Compare Ionians and Sony Ericson Mobile Communication’s situations (activities, competences, finances) SEEM had a clear goal, which was to become the global number one player for multimedia products. This was supposed to be achieved by combining their forces in RD, marketing, sales, distribution and customer services. The Joint force should give them the resources to overcome their seemingly untouchable competitor Nooks. The soft activities they were planning and adapting were: being responsive to the market, analyzing the behavior of the consumers and of their competitors. Nooks on the other hand wanted to keep their activities in the mobile sector at the same high level they had been over the sass’s, strengthening their position in the market today and constantly investing in R. Even increasing the percentage of net sales being reinvested to R, which were around 8,9% in the late sass’s, the goal being to maintain the strong market position for the 36 generation phones. From a financial point of view, we can only compare the individual financial statements of Ericson, Sony and Nooks from the appendix of the case. In a first look at the data available we can deduct that the financial situation of Nooks is clearly the most advantageous one. To be able to analyses financial statements that are comparable, I will only look at the ones of Nooks and Ericson. The Sony Corporation has so many different activities going on that from this financial statement I can’t detect which revenues are from the mobile industry. The only observations I would like to mention about the company is that their revenue has been increasing over the years, but net income has been decreasing. This showing that in the core business we are talking about Nooks has made the biggest step by increasing net sales in this sector by offer having a 80% growth per year between 1998 and 2000. These numbers are also reflected in the market share Nooks has on the world mobile market. 4) What are the potential risks for this alliance? The risks for this alliance are of course numerous. First of all Sony Ericson has to find a proper way to communicate to the public/customers why they have merged heir mobile departments and explain what profits this results in for them in the tend to which to other brands. This is the main risk, that they have to manage, which has to be dealt with proper attention and experienced marketing experts, so that a clear message is sent out to the public and current/future customers. Another potential risk is the management that consists of managers from both Ericson and Sony. It provides conflict potential when two corporate cultures clash. Managers from both sides are used to doing business their way but now they have to adapt to the managing methods of one another. This might make it difficult to find a common strategy, with which they want to market their brand. The responsibilities and decision fields have to be clearly defined to avoid these kinds of occurrences as good as possible. A further threat would be that both sides could quickly get frustrated if results are not as good or worse than expected. This could lead to one accusing the other of bad management, insufficient research and so on, resulting in a bad atmosphere in the company. This would further complicate the merger and might even lead to the decision to go separate ways again. How to cite Sony-Ericsson Case, Papers